For Student | Kinds Of Text - it's important for you to know the Kinds Of Text . we will learn about some Kinds Of Text those are narrative text , description text , recaunt text , etc . I give you 12 kinds of text here.
a.
Social function: To amuse,
entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious, experience indifferent ways:
Narrative deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turningpoint
of some kind, which in turn find a resolution.
b.
Types of Narratives: There are many
types of narrative. They can be imaginary, factual or a combination of
both. The mat include fairy tales, mysteries, science, fiction, romance,horror
stories, adventure stories, fables, myth and legends, historical narrative,
ballads,clice of life¶, and personal experiences.
c.
Generic structure:
·
Orientation:
Introduce the participant and setting of the narrative
·
Evaluation: A
flash back to evaluate the serious/difficult condition
·
Complication: A
crisis or problem arises
·
Resolution: The
crisis or problem is solved, for better or worse
·
Re-orientation:
Optionald.
Significant features:
v
Focus on specific
and usually individualized participant
v
Use of material
processes
v
Use of temporal
conjunctions and temporal circumstance
v Use of Past tense.
Example
:
SNOW
WHITE
A long time ago, a child was born to a
queen and king and she was called Snow white. Whenthe queen died, the king
remarried. This new queen was wicked and hated Snow white: The queengave orders
that Snow white was to be treated as a servant.
Snow white grew to be a very beautiful
girl, One day a prince who was riding by saw her atwork and immediately fell in
love with her.The queen was beautiful too, and every day she asked her Magic
mirror, ³Who is the fairest inthe land?´ and the mirror answered,´ You are the
fairest one of all´.
One day the mirror answered that Snow
White was the fairest in the land. In a rage the queengave orders to one of her
huntsmen to take Snow White into the woods and kill her.
But the huntsman had a kind heart and
couldn¶t carry out the order. So he told Snow White torun away. She fled into
he woods where the seven Dwarfs lived. Their house was small andstrange.
Snow White entered the little house and
found it very untidy. She started to clean it up.Upstairs she found seven title
beds. Felling very tired she stretched out on one of the beds, andsoon fell
asleep.
When the Dwarfs came home they were
surprised to find Snow White and after somearguments, they decided to let her
stay. She promised cook and look after them.
The queen discovered where Snow White
was living and disguising herself as a witch. Shetook a poisoned apple and set
out for the Dwarfs cottage. She gave Snow white the poisoned apple.Snow white
ate it and as soon as she bit into the apple, she sank into unconsciousness.
Thinking
she was dead. The Dwarfs built a glass coffin and put her in it. For days she
lay in theforest in her glass coffin. One day, the prince who was riding
through the forest looking for Snowwhite found her. He leaned over and kissed
her. She opened her eyes and sat up with a smile.Every one was happy. The
prince took Snow white to his palace where they were married andlived happily
ever after.
a.
Social function: To describe a
particular person, animal, place or thing
b.
Generic structure:
v
Identification:
Identifies phenomena to be describe
v
Description:
Describe parts, qualities, and characteristics
c. Significant
features:
·
Focus on specific
participants
·
Use of attributive
and identifying processes
·
Frequent use of
adjectives and classifies in nominal groups
·
Use of simple
present tense
d. Example
think:
Tornado
Tornado is violently rotating column of
air extending from within a thunder cloud down toground level.
The strongest tornadoes may sweep
houses from their foundations, destroy brick buildings,toss cars and scholl
buses through the air, and even lift railroad cars from from their
tracks.Tornadoes vary in diameter from tens of metres to nesrly 2 km (1 mile), with
an average diametreof about 50 m (160 ft).
Example
person :
Vannesa-mae
Vanessa-mae is a famous musician.
She is 16 years old, but she is a world
famous viaimist. Went she plays classical violinconcertes on her electric
violin, the world listens
Vannesa-mae is thai-chinese. Her mother
is Chinese and here natural father is thai. She fromSingapore but she lives in
London now
Example
animal :
My bomby
Bomby is my play full black cat.
This cat is always play full. It likes
playing with anything it sometimes plays with me. It likes playing with a
ball very much. It is very clever. Sometimes it is very naughty.
My bomby is small but fast. Bomby has
along tail its eyes are round. It looks cute. It is alwaysnear me.
Example
place :
My darussholah
Darussolah is my high school.
The darussolah is new senior high
school in singojuruh. This school has some facilities,distance computer room,
library room, science room and twelve class.
My darussholah is not large, but
ambience very-very cool and gratify.
a.
Social function: To inform
reader, listeners or viewer about events of the day which areconsidered news
worthy or important
b.
Generic structure:
·
News worthy
event: Recounts the event in summary form
·
Background event:
Elaborate what happened, to whom in what circumstances
·
Sources: Comments
by participants in, witness, to and authorities expert on the event
c.
Language features:
1. Short, telegraphic information
about story captured in head line
2. Use of material processes in source
stage such as(said, told, etc)
3. Focus on circumstanced.
Example
:
Separatist protest Mars
susilo’s visit to NZ
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
began his two day visit on Wednesday to New Zealandaimed at boosting trade and
regional security, amid two separatist protest against Indonesia thatmarred his
arrivel
During their talks, Susilo Bambang
YudhoyonoPrime Mister Helen Clark agreed to improve bilateral cooperation
in economic issue, trade and combating transnational crimes
The meeting with the president was very
constructive, with a number of outcomes. We wouldlike to focus our relationship
more on economic and trade issue as well as on transnationalcrimes,´ Clark said
at joint news conference with susilo.
In the economic sector, Clark said New
Zealand and Indonesia agreed to seriously follow upthe existing joint Trade and
Economic Commission to formulate effective and practical ways to boost
trade activities.
Although geographically Indonesia is
located near New Zealand, trade and economic activities between the
country were fairly insignificant, with Indonesia ranked only 16th
in lat year’s list of New Zealand’s largest
partners even smaller than Malaysia, which ranked 12th.
Indonesia
Minister of Foreign Affairs Hassan Wirajuda said the commission was scheduled
tomeet in November to lay the ground for more serious trade and economic talks.
a.
Social function: To retell events
for the purpose of informing or inter training
b.
Generic structure:
·
Orientation:
Provides the setting and introduce the participants
·
Events: Tell what
happened
·
Re-orientation:
Optional. Closure of events
c.
Language feature:
1. Focus on specific participant
2. Focus on temporal sequence
3. Use of material processes
4. Use of past tense
d.Example :
DIAMOND LOMBOK VILLAGE
Welcome to our village!
The hospitality of a traditional
Lombok Village.
The attraction of a modern beach
resort.
Seven hectares of a lush tropical
gardens along an endless stretch of beautiful beach. With all theattraction of
a modern resort ± and the ambiance of traditional villages, DIAMOND
LOMBOK
VILLAGE welcome you to share the joy of this beautiful is
lands.
Accommodation including: 2 restaurants
with a local and international delicacies ± sea ± slidedining ± 2 bars and
lounges ± swimming pool ± tennis court ± diving school ±
traditionalaromatherapy message ± tourist info center.
a.
Social function: To describe How
something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps
b.
Generic structure:
1. Goal
2. Materials
3. Series of steps oriented to
achieving the goal
c.
Language features:
1. Focus on generalized human agents
2. Often imperative
3. Temporal conjunction
4. Numbering to indicate sequence
5. Use mainly of material processes
6. Use of simple present tense
d.
example:
How to make newspaper
newspaper is one of mass media. To make
newspaper there must be events, journalist, editors,managers, paper, machines,
and so on.
Here is the process of making
newspaper:
1.There are some important and
attractive events
2.The journalist find those events
3.The journalist write articles about
the events they get
4. The journalist send the articles to
the editors
5.The editors edit the articles
6.The manager determines which articles
are accepted or rejected
7.The edited articles are printed on a
piece of paper called newspaper
8.Then, the newspaper are ready to be
delivered to all parts of the country
6 .Report text
a.
Social function: To describe the
way are with reference to a range of natural, manmadeand social phenomena in
our
b.
Generic structure:
1. General classification: Describes
the phenomenon in general
2. Description: Describes the
phenomenon in detail in terms of(part, qualities, habits or behaviors)
c.
Language features:
1. Focus on generic participants
2. Use of relational processes to
state what is and that which it is
3. No temporal sequence4. Use of
simple present tense
d.
example:
Tingkeban
Tingkeban is traditional ceremony held
for woman pregnancy has reached seven months. InWest Java, and especially in
the town of garut and its surrounding area, Tingkeban is traditionallyobserved
by most families for the shake of baby¶s welfare. Relatives, friends, and neighbors
areinvited to witness this festivity, which demand a lot of preparation.
The number seven plays an important
role in the Tingkeban ceremony. An important part of the preparation for
Tingkeban is the collection of a variety of items- seven kinds of each item
serving aspecific purpose.
Seven different kinds of root, such as
sweet potatoes, and cassava, seven kinds of fruits toenable the solution to
problem in the child¶s future, seven diverse fragrant flowers, seven kinds
of lights snacks, seven kinds of fruits make rujak, seven piece of batik
cloth, seven varieties of earthenmortars, and seven oil lamps of different
shapes to brighten the child¶s life so that it is free fromcomplication.
The guest are then invited to enjoy the
special food prepared by the host family. Meanwhile,the mother to-be goes
through the bathing ceremony. Clad in a batik cloth, she is ladled with
sweetscented water from a tub in which the eel is put. Relatives take turn
bathing the mother to-be, changingher batik clothes as many as seven times.
After
the bathing ceremony, the mother to-be sells rujak outside the house, and the
consumers,who are the relatives and neighbors. Pay with chips of rounded clay
tiles. The purposes is for the childto earn a lot of money, with the blessing
of good. The rujak fiesta marks the end of the Tingkebanceremony. Everybody has
a good time ! may all good wishes be fulfilled.
a.
Social function: To persuade the
readers or listeners that something is the case
b.
Generic structure:
1. Thesis:
a. Position: Introduces topic and
indicates writers position
b. Preview: Outlines the main
arguments to be presented
2. Arguments:
a. Point: Restates main arguments
outlined in preview
b. Elaboration: Developes and support
each point/argument
c.
Re-iteration: Restate writers
position
d.
Language features:
1. Emotive words such as: alarmed,
worried
2. Words that quality statements, such
as: usual, probably
3. Words that link arguments such as:
firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
4. Compound and complex sentences
5. Usually in present tense
e.
example :
Nuclear power
There are three separate source of
hazard in the process of supplying energy by nuclear power.
The radioactive mateAal must travel
from its place of manufacture to the power station.Although thw ower station
themselves are solidly, built, the container used for the transport of
thematerials are not. There are normally only two methods of transport
available, namely road or rail.Unfortunately, both of these involve close
contact with the general public, since the routes are sure to pass near,
or even through, heavily populated areas.
Next, there is the prblem of waste. All
nuclear power station produce wastes that in the mostcases will remain
radioactive for thousand of years. It is imposible to make these
wastesnonradioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient
ways that scientists haveinvented. For example, they may be buried under the
ground, or dropped into abandoned mines, or sunk the sea. However, these
methods do not solve tthe problem, since an earthquake could easilycrack the
containers open.
Finally, there is the problem of
accidental exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the power station. As
with the other two hazards, this is not very likely, so thet it does not
provide a seriousobjection to the nuclear program. Nevertheles, it can happen.
Separately, these three types of risk
are not great cause for concern. On the whole through, the probability os
disaster is still high.
8.Hortatory exposition
a.
Social function: To persuade the
readers or listeners that something should or should notbe the case
b.
Generic structure:
1. Thesis: Announcement of issue
concern
2. Arguments: Reasons for concern
leading to recommendation
3. Re-commendation: statement of what
ought or ought not happen
c
. Language features:
1. Emotive word such as: alarmed,
worried
2. Words that quality statements, such
as: usual, probably
3. Words that link arguments such as:
firstly, however, there fore
4. Compound and complex sentence
5. Subjective using pronouns: I and We
6. Usually present tense
d.
example :
Crime in cities
Crime is a serious problem in big
cities and it is getting worse every year. This is what policedepartments
around the country said in their reports last week. The subway are more
dangerous. Thestreets are more dangerous. You may not even be safe in your own
home. Why is the problem soserious now? This is not an easy question to answer.
There may not be a single answer. Many problems seem to make cities so
dangerous.
One of the problems is money. To fight
crime a city needs police officers, cars and guns. Thesecost a lot of money.
But right now cities do not have much extra money. So, there are not
enough police officers, cars and gins for the cities.
Another problem is drugs. Crime studies
show that many criminals use and sell drugs. After theystart taking drugs, they
want to have more. However, drugs are very expensive. So, these people maysell
drugs to other people to make money or they may steal money to get more drugs.
It is not going to be easy to change
these crime problems. We must first change many of the lawsabout drugs. We must
change the way cities spend their money. Until then, the crime problem will
notgo away and we will live our live in fear.
1.
Social function: To retell an
event with a humorous twist
2.
Generic structure:
1. Orientation: Which set the scene
2. Event: Which tell what happened
3. Twist: Which provides the fun line
3.
Language feature:
1. Focus on individual participant
2. Use of material processes, such as:
kick, walk, open
3. Circumstance of time and place,
such as: once, the next day, in a park
4. Use of past tense
4.
example :
Child
Children often have far more senses
than their elders. This simple truth was demonstratedrather dramatically during
a civil defence exercise in small town in Canada.
Air-raid warnings were sounded and
thousand of people went into special air-raid shelters.Doctors and nurses
remained above ground while police patrolled the streets in case anyone triedto
leave the shelters too soon.
The police stayed underground for
twenty minutes and waited for the siren to sound again. Ohleaving the air-raid
shelters, they saw that doctors and nurses were busy. Theoritical make-up
andartificial blood had been used to make the injures look real.
A lot of people were lying ³dead´ in
the streets. A child of six was brought in by two adults.The child was supposed
to be dead. With theoretical make-up on his face, he looked as if he haddied of
shock. Some people were so moved by the sight that they began to cry.
However, the child suddenly sat up and
a doctor asked him to comment on his death. The childlooked around for a moment
and said, ³I think they’re all crazy´.
a.
Social function: To present (at
least) two points of view about an issue
b.
Generic structure:
1. Issue: a). Statement, b). Preview
2. Arguments for and against or
statement of differing points of view: a). point, b).Ellaboration
3. Coaclusion or recommendation
c.
Significant features:
1. Focus on generic human and generic
non human participants
2. Use of: a) material processes , b)
Relational processes, c) Mental processes
3. Use of Comparative, contrastive and
consequential conjunctions
4. Reasoning expressed as verbs and
nouns(abstractions)
e.
example :
The controversy of
harnessing solar energy
We
often hear about solar cars,solar heating, and solar batteries. But will solar
energy ever be amajor source of energy for society?
Solar energy is cheaper than other
fossil fuels because we can get an abundant source from thesun. In sunny desert
areas, 50% of the sun¶s radiation that reaches the ground could be used
to procedure electricity for businesses and industry and to provide heat,
light, and hot water for homes. Experimental solar ponds can also produce
hot water to drive generators.
Unfortunetly, we can¶t yet power our
homes entirely on sunlight. Solar energy can only beused effectively in bright
light. Its greatets potential therefore is in hot countries that have
clear skies for most of the year. But, unfortunately most houses are not
inthe sunniest parts of htheworld. Moreover, in order to harness power solar
cells are very cheap to run, but relativellyexpensive to buy and many people
can¶t afford them.
Needless to say, solar energy is
usefull and non-polluton source of energy. Unfortunately,solar cells, the main
device to harness the sun¶s energy are still very expensive.
a.
Social function: To explain the
processes involved in the formation or workings of naturalor socio cultural
phenomena
b.
Generic structure:
·
A general
statement to position the reader
·
A sequenced
explanation of why or how something occurs
c. Significant feature:
·
Focus on generic,
non human participants
·
Use mainly of
material and relational processes
·
Use mainly of
temporal and causal circumstances and conjunctions
·
Some use of
passive voice to get Theme right
d.
Example :
Sound
recordings and reproduction
Sound recordings and reproduction are
two separate processes used to record, store and play back sounds. Sound
recordings use microphones to pick up sound waves in the air. The
pressurechanges associated with the waves are converted into electrical signals,
which can be coded andstored for future access. Sound reproduction, or
playback, uses additional devices to retrieve thestored information and convert
back into electrical signals. The signals are then sent to aloudspeaker, which
converts them back into sound.
To record sound, a microphone changes
the acoustic energy of sound waves in the air intoelectrical signals. Inside a
microphone is a thin, flat, metallic surface, called a diaphragm, that
issuspended in a magnetic field. When a sound wave reaches the microphone, the
air pressurechanges around the diaphragm, causing the diaphragm to move. This
movement within a magneticfield creates an electrical signal. The signal is
then transferred to a storage medium, such as acassette tape, a compact disc
(CD), or a phonograph record.
To reproduction sound, a playing
device-such as a CD player, cassette deck, or phonographaccesses the stored
data. The playing device reads the data and converse the information back
intoelectric energy. The electrical signal is sent to a loudspeaker, which has
a diaphragm housed in amagnetic field in much the same way as a microphone¶s
diaphragm is housed. The electrical signalcreates a disturbance in the magnetic
field. These resultant variations in the magnetic field causethe diaphragm to
move. As the diaphragm moves, it pushes out and pulls in, creating changes in
air pressure to recreate the sound that was originally recorded.
Sound recordings and reproduction form
the foundation of many industries, includingentertainment, communication, and
multimedia businesses. Recording and reproduction of soundallow people to play
their favorite music, whether it was recorded yesterday or many years ago.Radio
networks rely on sound recording and reproduction for storing news and other
types of programming. Television and motion pictures combine images
with music, speech, and Soundeffects to provide the viewer with as enriched
experience. Computer programs, multimediasoftware, and video games also use
sound to make programs more engaging.
a.
Social function: To critique an
art work, event for a public audience. Such works of artinclude movies, TV
show, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts, andballets
b.
Generic structure:
·
Orientation
·
Interpretive
Recount
·
Evaluation
·
Evaluative
Summation
c. Significant
feature:
·
Focus on
particular participants
·
Direct expression
of attitudinal ephitets in nominal groups: Qualities attributes
and Affective mental processes
·
Use of elaborating
and extending clause and group complexes to package theinformation
·
Use of
metaphorical language (e.g., The wit was there, dexterously ping ponged toand
fro«)
d.
Example :
Original soundtrack
of Brownies
Bisa saja was chosen sa the first
single of the album and theme song of Brownies because thelyrics reflect the
story in the movie. Budjana of GIGI demonstrates his skills in playing an
acousticguitar in Cinta terakhir. Three other brand new songs, Dilema, Jangan
bilang pacarku, and Semuaorang berhak mendapat rasa bahagia, give supporting
nuances to tthe flow of the movie. GIGIcomposed them by imagining how the
scenes would look like based on the sreenpaly.
When hanung bramantyo (the director)
and Dewa budjana of GIGI chatted, Budjana expressedhis interest in making a
sountrack album. Then, he recommended a few GIGI songs, which the producer
accepted because of the chemistry they created with the movie .
Since GIGI could provide a variety of
colors to add all kinds of musical nuances to enrich the movie, the producer
deemed it unnecessary to find other musicians to complete the originalsountrack
of Brownies.
Armand maulana (vocalist), I gede dewa
budjana (guitarist), Thomas ramadhan (bass player),and Gusti erhany
(drums-stand-in player for Budhi haryono) put alotof effort into this album. As
aresult, they’ve created a perfect blend of a movie and songs that makes
Brownies tastier.
It’s always fun to have a piece of
piece of brownies in your mouth but having it on your stereois more
entertaining. No movie is perfect without a musical score and Ost. Of Brownies
has provedit excellently
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar